Heart full Welcome to my dear students

Hello all my dear students, hope you enjoyed my class. Go through the notes and exercises posted in this blog. Prepare well. Try to work as many questions as possible. I wish you all the very best in your forth coming examination and also in your future life -Sam Sr.

UGC NET Communication

UGC NET Paper I Communication 

Communication is exchange of any sort of information by two or more persons. It has become so inevitable that a person may find it very difficult to live in this world. Human beings are super beings, who have very effective skills of communication. He uses language (verbal symbols) and gestures, signs and expressions (non-verbal symbols) for communication. Birds and animals also have the ability to communicate. Usually, they communicate through non-verbal symbols to express their feelings, pains, pleasures anger etc.
Origin of the Term

The term is originated from 3 Latin words

v    Communicare - means to impart, to share, to exchange. This indicates that communication is the process of imparting, sharing or exchanging ideas or information

v    Commune - means common, commonness, commonality. This means that for communication, there should be something in common between the persons who are in communication. For communication, there should be some commonalities and through communication, commonalities will increase.

v    Communis - means normal, normality. This means that for communication a normal situation or normality is needed. There should be no abnormalities. If any element is abnormal, proper communication will not take place.

What is Communication?

Communication simply means “exchange of ideas”. It is the sending of meaningful ideas from one object to the other. Communication is exchange of meaningful ideas from one object to the other through verbal or non verbal symbols. In this process, the person or the object who is sending the ideas is called ‘Sender’ or ‘Source’, the person or object who is receiving the ideas is called ‘Receiver’, the ideas we call ‘Message’ and the response of the receiver is known as ‘Feed-back’. Communication is possible between human beings, animals or even between machines. Communication is as strong as our basic needs. It is an individual and a social need. Communication is the means by which we understand people better and hence develop a better relationship with them.  

The history of Communication can be traced back to the ‘beginning of nature’. The need for communication can be traced from the evolution of mankind. Communication is a necessity for human survival. 

Definition of Communication

“Communication is a process which increases commonality- but also requires the element of commonality for it to occur at all” - Denis Mc Quail.

“Communication means moving towards others rather than away from. It means speaking and behaving in such a way that a person’s life is focused towards relationship and intimacy” – Ferder.

“Communication involves systematic and continuous process of telling, listening and understanding” -Allen Louis.

“Communication is the process of making a message understood by satisfying the need sets and ego sets of a receiver”  - A. Kumar.

Some simple definitions

Communication is :

A process of interaction and transaction

An information sharing activity

An interaction which encourages give and take

An active flow of verbal and non-verbal expressions

A two way process including interaction and feed back

An act of making connections - one to one or one to many

A process by which one mind affects another

An interaction which takes place through symbols-verbal, visual or both

An interaction between the ideas, thoughts and actions of the communicator and the receiver

A sending from one person to another of meaningful messages

A process of sharing of experiences till they become common possession

Nature of Communication

Activities involved in the Process of Communication

v    Planning (Preparation for) the Message

v    Encoding (Preparing) the Message (converting the original message into symbols)

v    Channelizing the Message (choosing an appropriate channel for sending the message)

v    Sending the Message

v    Receiving the Message

v    Decoding (Interpreting) the Message (converting the coded message into original message as intended by the sender)

v    Providing the Feed back (response from the part of the receiver as a reply to the message)

  The first four of the above are Duties of the Sender and the remaining three are the Duties of the Receiver

Elements of Communication

q    Source  -  Origin of Communication (communicator, sender, encoder, producer, messenger)

q    Message-  Ideas to be transmitted (content, topic, subject, lesson)

q    Receiver- Destiny of the message (decoder, interpreter, consumer)

q    Channel -  Method or medium (electro-magnetic waves, by post, phone, e-mail)

q    Context  -  Situation or environment of the message (place, time, season, event)

q    Barriers  - Hindrances in the way (obstacles, obstructions, errors, disabilities,

                      problems) of communication.

q    Feed Back - Response or reply from the receiver

Seven Variables of Communication

Ø    Credibility  -  Trustworthiness or Believability

Ø    Capability - Ability & skill of communicator & receiver

Ø    Context     -  Appropriate situation to the message

Ø    Content     -  Reliability and accuracy of the message

Ø    Channel    -  Appropriate method of transmission

Ø    Clarity      -  It should overcome barriers (clear)

Ø    Continuity -  Natural and spontaneous transmission (without any break)

Seven Cs of Effective Communication

q  Correctness

q  Clarity

q  Conciseness

q  Completeness

q  Consideration

q  Concreteness

q  Courtesy

Factors of Effective Class room Communication

1.      Development of  learner friendly environment

2.      Appropriate motivation

3.      Use of appropriate teaching strategies

4.      Use of proper technology

5.      Two way communication

6.      Principle of clarity

7.      Effective use of feed-back

Variables of Effective Teaching in Class room

1.      Teacher related variables – Qualifications, Teaching experiences, Motivation and dedication, Communication skill, Use of appropriate teaching strategies, Research and Professional development.

2.      Student related variables – Motivation, Entry behaviour, Interest and attitude, Personality.

3.      Institution related variables – Quality and quantity of teaching staff, Working conditions of teachers, Infrastructural facilities, Institutional discipline and support.

4.      Family related variables – Socio-cultural background of the family, Education of parents, Inter personal Relationship among family members.

5.      Environment related variables – Social values of the community, Social encouragement, Cooperative learning.

    Channels of Communication

A Channel can be defined as the medium used in communication. If no medium is used in communication, such communication is called 'Direct Communication'. If we use a particular medium for sending the message, such communication is called 'Mediated Communication'. A channel can be formal or informal based on the nature of the content and context.

Types of Channels

Formal Channel

These channels are official channels having certain formalities.

q    Vertical Channels
Downward Channel – Supervisory communication, initiated by upper management, flows downward eg. An officer giving advice to subordinates, a manager giving orders and directions to the employees, a parent giving advice to the children.

Upward channel – Flows upward from the bottom eg. An employee submits work progress reports to the superior officer, a student asking doubts to the teacher.

q    Horizontal Channel – Takes place between and among the people who belong to the same category eg. Inter departmental talks, Board Meeting of the Directors of a Company, Staff Meeting of a College.

q    Cross or Diagonal Channel - Takes place between people of different categories of different institutions. eg. Communication between a manager of a company and a worker of other factory

Informal Channel

These channels are highly informal having no formalities

q    Grape vine Channel – Informal Communication Network, communication among different categories of people, no specific direction to the flow of message eg. Spreading of Gossips and Rumours, Internet chatting.

Listening

           An important skill needed for effective communication.

Components of Listening

§   Literal Knowledge: Teacher asks a question about descriptions, facts and details including information that is explicitly stated in the class.

§   Vocabulary: Teacher asks questions about word meanings, identifying the meaning of words in the context of a story narrated in the class.

§   Inference: Teacher asks a question to make an inference as the students are listening in the class, connecting pieces of text together with student prior knowledge and experience, that goes beyond the literal meaning of the content.

§   Main Idea: Teacher asks a question to generalize the content as a whole and identify the main ideas of the information presented in the class.

§   Summarizing and Drawing Conclusions: Teacher asks students to identify a summary of the content presented in the class and its overall ideas, or draw conclusions by making a judgement about the information provided.  

§   Point of View and Speaker’s Purpose: Teacher allows the students to listen to identify and evaluate the information presented in the class and why they are sharing this information. Students also identify the point of view of the content or the viewpoint of the author in the story or poem.

§   Analyze Reasoning: Students are allowed to evaluate the reasoning, credibility, and relevance of a content presented in the class or to evaluate the author’s ideas and information.

§   Finding Evidence: Students are allowed to identify quotes or statements in the content that provide evidence to support their thinking and inferences.

Types of Listening

v    Informational Listening- Aims at gathering information without any prejudice or priority eg. Listening to a lecture by students, a speech by an audience, a radio lesson by an ordinary man.

v    Emphatic Listening- To concentrate on the preferred area, Aims at gathering the main points eg. A press reporter listens to a leader’s speech, Tr. says: “please listen to this point it is an important one” (verbal markers). Teacher asks a student to note down the main points of his lecture, A research scholar attending a seminar.  

v    Evaluative Listening- To evaluate the authenticity of the idea eg. A participant in a debate listens to the presentation by one in the opposite panel, Participants in live discussions in news (TV), A judge listens to the presentation in a competition

v  Realistic Listening- To ensure the practical utility or value, Listening by thinking the practical application eg. A Student to the teacher: “Sir, is it possible?” A clerk to the officer: “Sir, these are my suggestions to the problem you have highlighted.”

How to develop Listening Skills?

v  Sit up straight

v  Look interested

v  Lean forward

v  Attend actively

v  Act interested

v  Nod your head as a feed back

v  Get tuned in the message

v  Track the speaker with your eyes

v  Very pleasing expressions

Barriers of Effective Communication

Barriers of Communication are those factors which produce obstacles in the way of sending message to the receiver. These barriers derive from the language and style used by the speaker and make it difficult for the listeners to be listened to.

Different Types of Barriers

Ø    Physical Barriers- Environment related, External to the individual. These barriers arise due to mechanical failures or disturbances, geographical distances, technological mal-functions, improper time of communication ...

For Example: Noise, electricity problem, technical problems, message overload,       unfavorable climate…

Ø    Physiological Barriers- Body related barriers, Heredity limitations are the major causes of these barriers.

For Example: Physical disabilities (speech, hearing or vision problems), diseases, fatigue, height and weight of body …

Ø    Psychological Barriers- Mind related barriers, Internal to the individual.

For Example: Lack of interest, unfavorable attitude, tension, fear, depression, emotional imbalance, lack of confidence, psychological problems …

Ø  Semantic Barriers- Language related barriers. ‘Semantic’ means ‘Science of Meanings’. A word may have several meanings. Ignorance about these meanings can cause problems. Hence, they act as barriers in communication.

For Example: Lack of knowledge in language, lack of fluency, defective language translations, misinterpretations of words…

Types of Communication

        Communication can be classified in a variety of different types.

On the basis of number of participants

          Intra personal Communication

          Inter personal Communication

          Group Communication –

          Mass Communication – Organizational/Institutional/Public/Societal Communication

On the basis of direction of Flow

          Upward Communication – Message passes from the bottom to the top

Downward Communication – Message passes from the top to the bottom

Horizontal Communication – Message passes horizontally, ie. among equals.         

Cross/Diagonal Communication - Different categories of people who have no direct relationship on the same or different organizational hierarchy)

          Grape vine Communication – Highly informal communication, having no specific direction.

On the basis of way of expression

          Written Communication - Message is sent through printed or hand written texts.

Oral Communication – This can be ‘Audio’, where speaker is not present before the                       listener, and ‘Verbal’, where the speaker is present before the listener.

Visual Communication - Use of more visuals and less texts.

          Audio visual Communication - Combination of pictures with voices.

          Non-verbal Communication - Use of face, gestures, eyes, hands etc. for sending messages.

          No communication - Total elimination of response from the receiver.

On the basis of organization structure

          Formal Communication – Having some formalities, eg. Class discussion

Informal Communication – Having no formalities, eg. Chatting with friends (Grapevine)

Face-to-face Communication – Teacher Student Class room interaction

Meta Communication – Here the message has something more than what the actual words state. 

Eg. The Principal to the staff: “you look so smart in this dress” may mean that you are not always smart.

Corporate Communication - Communication within an institution in which all members are of equal status, eg. Communication in a Staff Council of a College, Association of cashew workers in a factory.

 On the basis of Environment of the Firm

         Internal Communication – Communication within the firm.

         External Communication -  Communication with external or outside factors.

On the basis of modes of Mediation

Direct Communication – When using no specific medium for exchanging message, eg. A Public Speech, Teacher delivering a lecture to the students.

Mediated Communication – Using a specific medium for sending the message, eg. Sending a letter to the friend, Chatting through internet, Teleconferencing etc.

On the basis of mode of Transmission

         Serial Communication – When using a single channel for communication.

Parallel Communication – When using multi-channel.

On the basis of Size of Group

Small Group Communication – Family, Peer group, Small group discussion etc.  

Large Group Communication – Large Class, Public speech, Seminar etc.

Intra Group Communication - Communication among the members of a group  

Inter Group Communication - Communication between/among different groups

Institutional/organizational Communication - Communication which is used in Business Enterprises

On the basis of Communication Network

•      Circle Type – the most democratic form.

•       Chain Type – Single line Communication, authoritarian as well as democratic.

•       Star Type – the most authoritarian / centralized form of Communication.

•      Y – Type – both chain type and star type authoritarian as well as democratic form, Y shaped network
On the basis of Culture of the Society
Intra Cultural Communication - means exchange of meaningful messages between members of the same cultural group.
Inter Cultural Communication - means exchange of meaningful cultural information between people with significantly different cultures.

Intra Personal Communication

          Communication within the individual, Begins and ends with ‘SELF’, The sender and the receiver are the same individual.

Uses of Intra Personal Communication (Processes involved in this communication)

q   Self Analysis – analysis of the pros and cons, merits and demerits, abilities and   disabilities…

q    Self Assurance – make the self sure (whether I can or not)

q    Self Motivation – strong internal urge (to undertake, to do, to behave, to perform...)

q    Self Confidence (Building and Maintenance) – strong positive belief in self

q    Self Evaluation – self valuing, self estimation

q    Self Discovery – self realization, self actualization   

Different Types of Self Talks

o   Salient Talk

o   Verbalization

o   Mirror Talk

o   Partner Talk

o   Self Conversation

o   Written Self Talk

o   Self Tape

o   Self Question

o   Suggestion

Intra Personal Communication is individual reflection, contemplation and meditation. It is also called ‘Transpersonal Communication.’

Intra Personal Communication helps to :

q    enjoy the beauty of life privately

q    justify or defend our speech and actions

q    interpret other’s behaviors towards us or others

q    plan our daily or specific target-oriented activities

q    analyze our behaviors, actions, ideas and relationships

q    express jealousy and other negative emotions towards others

Types of Intra Personal Communication

Direct Intra Personal Communication – communication within the individual without    using any medium

            Examples - Meta Cognition, Reflection (I try to see myself), Meditation, Contemplation,                      Self Awareness, Self Analysis, Self Evaluation

Mediated Intra Personal Communication – communication with the self with the help of a medium

Examples - Writing a personal diary for self evaluation, Writing an autobiography                      for personal use, Circulating reports of an organization internally,

                 Observing a recorded class by the Tr. for self- improvement. 

Inter Personal Communication

            Communication between people, usually between two, is known as Inter Personal Communication. It is also known as one-to-one communication.

Inter Personal Communication is:

v    a process of focused interaction

v    a relation building, maintaining and reviving tool

v    a means for the establishment of an equilibrium between the self and others

v    a setting for social interaction and for getting satisfaction, happiness and peace.

v    a means for attaining harmony with others

v    a tool for getting acceptance and recognition from others

      Different Types of Inter Personal Communication

            Direct or Mediated - Examples:

1.  An examiner conducts a viva-voce with the student (Direct)
2.  Teacher asks a question to a student in a class (Direct)
3.  A student writes a letter to his friend (Mediated)
4.  A teacher sends a message to his student on his birthday (Mediated)

Casual or Formal - Examples:

1.  A student conducts free talks with his teacher (Casual)
2.  A free conversation between two friends (Casual)
3.  A research student conducts an interview with an expert (Formal)
4.  A company arranges an interview to the candidate with an examiner (Formal)

Spondaneous or Planned - Examples:

 Spondaneous - Naturally coming words like – Hello, Hai Daddy, There comes the bus etc.

 Planned - A sales representative talks to the house wife about his company’s products.

These examples are overlapping to different types. Find more examples

            Factors affecting Interpersonal Communication

q  Attitudes

q  Beliefs

q  Values

q  Perceptions

            Our attitudes, beliefs, values and perceptions towards others and vice versa affect the starting, development and continuation of Inter Personal Communication. There are similarities and differences of these factors between different individuals. If concentrate on similarities, there will be increased interaction. On the contrary, if we concentrate on differences, there will be increased conflict.

Group Communication

Communication within a group of people or among different groups to each other is known as Group Communication.

Groups can be formed in a variety of ways depending on :

1.   Size  :    Large Group (eg. Class room)  or  Small Group (eg. Family)

2.   Relationship  :  Primary Group (eg. Peer Group) or Secondary Group ( eg. Club)

3.   Approaches  :  Formal Group (eg. Office Staff) or Informal Group ( eg. Relatives)

4.   Origin  :  Ascribed Group (eg. Family, Religion) or Achieved Group ( eg. Professional Organization)

Factors affecting the Effectiveness of Group Communication

q  Place where the group meets

q    Topic  under consideration

q    Number  of group members

q    Relationship  among the members

q    Intimacy  of the members

q    Capabilities / Qualities  of the members

Interactions in Group Communication

One-to-many -   The leader influences the group, Single line authority, Autocratic or   Authoritarian form of interaction

         Collective -   Situational Leadership, All members get chance to   become leaders,                       Democratic form of Interaction

Mass Communication

          It is an institutionalized form of public message production and dissemination through technological devices- print, films and broadcasting- to large heterogeneous and widely dispersed audiences through Mass Media.  Mass communication is mono logic in nature. It is also called ‘Organizational Communication’. The operation is not so simple. It demands great expertise and complex operations. Mass communication is controlled by a single source reaching out large mass of people beyond boundaries. Hence, Mass Communication through Mass Media has a great multiplying effect.

Mass Media

          The mechanical devices, that multiply message and take them to a large number of people, are known as Mass Media.

Types of Media

v    Traditional Media - Folk Songs, Folk Dances, Folk Paintings, Folk Literature, Folk Theatre etc.

v    Print Media - News Papers, Books, Journals, Magazines, News Letters etc.

v    Electronic Media - Radio, Films, Television, Mobile Phones, Audio/Video Recorders...
      New Media - Computer & Internet, e-mail, websites, podcasts, e-books, blogging, social networking sites, Internet Protocol Television, internet radio and the like. These kinds of online and digital means of producing, transmitting and receiving messages are called 'new media'. 

         Media is known as ‘Fourth Estate’.

         Three estates are – Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.

         The Fifth estate is ‘Bloggers or Weblogs’.

Mass Media and Society
        Mass media have a multiplying effect in society. it is the 'sword arm' of democracy. It educates the members of the society through various media tools. It transforms the traditional non-participant societies into modern participant societies. It changes the thought processes of the society and makes them modern scientific human beings. The press, the radio and television play a big role in the life of the society. They inform, educate and entertain the people. They also influence the way people look at the world and make them change their views. Mass media plays a very important role in organizing public opinion.

Conclusion

            Communication is a process which is ongoing and always in motion. That, communication is a process, means it is always in motion, moving forward and changing continuously. One cannot freeze communication at any one moment. It is continuous and dynamic. It educates the members of the society through various media tools. It provides the latest information regarding the happenings in the universe. It transforms the traditional non-participant societies into modern participant societies. It changes the thought processes of the society and makes them modern scientific human beings. Barket rightly says : “Communication is a process of interrelated elements working together to achieve a desired outcome or goal”.
                                                             Prepared by 
                                                                                       Dr Sam V Daniel
                                           Former Principal, Mount Tabor Training College, Pathanapuram.

COMMUNICATION & TEACHING APTITUDE EXERCISES

Points to remember …

     All questions are of multiple choice type.

     In all questions four alternatives are given.

    Think of the most relevant alternative as answer.

    Try to find out the logic and the basic reason in each question.

    Work out as many questions as possible.

    Take this effort as a challenge and a matter of pleasure.

 1.  (1)  The term communication is originated from ---      

            (a) communiqué  (b) communil   (c) commune   (d) commutec

2.  (2)  Who said communication is moving towards others rather than away from?

            (a)  Haggerty      (b)  Ferder     (c)  Barker          (d)  Marx

3.  (3)  Which of the following statement is not correct?      

   (a)  Communication is as strong as our basic need

   (b)  The need for communication can be traced from the evolution of mankind 

   (c)   Communication is a necessity for human survival 

   (d)   Animals do not have the ability of communication

4.  (4)  Blackboard can be an effective means of communication for a teacher,  provided ---

      (a)  the content is to be well planned    (b)  the space needs to be properly used

      (c)  the letters are of adequate size and legible   (d) all the above

 5.  (5)  communication is a process which is ---

      (a)  constantly moving  (b)  always progressing   (c)  ever widening  (d)  all the above

6. (7)  Which among the following is an example of   verbal communication?

         (a)  acting a drama   (b)  a radio lesson  (c)  a public speech (d)  a class by a teacher

7.  (8)  Which of the following is an example of non-verbal communication?

            (I)  a dumb asking for help    (II)  a skit         (III)  a mime    (IV)  reciting a poem

                       (a)  I only  is correct          (b)  I, II and III are correct   

                       (c)  I and III are correct      (d)  all are correct

8.  (1 1)  The major distinction between good communication and effective                                       communication is something related to ---

             (a)  message    (b)  receiver   (c)  channel     (d)  feedback

9.  (13)  Which among the following teaching aids is less expensive?

            (a)  Computer     (b)  LED television   

            (c)  OHP            (d)  Film projector

10.  (15)  If language is a barrier between two individuals, how can they                                               communicate message?

            (a)  learning the other’s language    (b)  speaking loudly   

            (c)  using non-verbal symbols         (d)  keeping silence

11.  (16)  Communication is effected through ---

            (a)  ears         (b)  eyes   (c)  tongue   (d)  all the above

12.  (18)  Teaching is an example of --- communication

            (a)  verbal    (b)  non-verbal    (c)  group    (d)  mass

13.    (20)  The function of messenger is ---

            (a)  to develop message    (b)  to encode message   

            (c)  to transmit message    (d)  all the above

14.    (21) The medium through which message passes is called ---

            (a)  channel    (b)  transmission    (c)  encoding    (d)  decoding

15.    (22)  A message is changed into symbols through ---

            (a)  system        (b)  channel    (c)  encoding    (d)  decoding

16.  (23)  A good receiver should have the ability to ---

            (a)  give feed back   (b)  decode message   

            (c)  interpret message  (d)  all the above

17.  (25)  Which among the following is not a basic element of communication?

            (a)  black board    (b)  feed back    (c)  barrier    (d)  context

18. (27)  The communication procedure is completed only after ---

            (a)  decoding    (b)  feed back    (c)  encoding    (d)  interpreting

19. (28)  Feed back can be done in --- form

            (a)  positive      (b)  negative    (c)  neutral       (d)  all the above

20. (30)  Which of the following is not a  component of listening?

            (a)  hearing    (b)  watching    (c)  writing     (d)  attending

21. (34)  In --- communication, it begins and ends with ‘self’

(a)    inter personal  (b)  intra personal  (c)  group  (d)  mass

22. (36)  Degree of intimacy in a group depends not on --         

       (a)  place where it meets            (b)  topic under consideration   

       (c)  religion of the members      (d)  relationship of the members

23. (37)  The success of group communication is based on the maintenance of --

       (a)  group dynamics                                   (b)  self discipline  

       (c)  internal peace within the   individual   (d)  all the above

24.    (38)  A company arranges door to door sales persons for the advertisement                      of its products. Which type of communication is this

       (a)  mass    (b)  group    (c)  inter personal    (d)  intra personal

25.  (39)  The barriers of communication can be minimized not by --

       (a)  making the message simple and comprehensible    (b)  making the receiver

           Motivated     (c)  helping the receiver possess all the desirable competencies of

           effective listening    (d)  making the message overloaded

26. (40)  In a college class, which communication skill has the largest share

          from the part of the students?    

                   (a)  listening    (b)  speaking     (c)  reading      (d)  writing

27. (41)  Which of the following is an example of mediated inter personal                                       communication?

       (a)  writing  a personal diary for self analysis    (b)  writing a letter to a friend

       (c)  an examiner conducts a viva-voce with the candidate   

       (d)  a teacher taking a class

28. (42)  In which type of communication, the sender and the receiver are the same person?

           (a)  inter personal  (b)  intra personal    (c)  group    (d)  mass

29. (43)  Which of the following is not an example of intra personal communication?

            (a)  meta cognition  (b)  contemplation  (c)  meditation   (d)  project evaluation

30. (45)  Which of the following is not a characteristic of mass communication?

            (a)  it is basically mono logic    (b)  the content is open to all

            (c)  it is directed to large audience  (d)  it needs only simple operations

31. (46)  What element differentiates one-way communication from a two-way type? 

             (a)  sender         (b)  message    (c)  receiver       (d)  feed back

32. (47)  Which among the following is the most centralized form of communication network?

             (a)  circle type    (b)  chain type    (c)  star type        (d)  Y-type

33. (48)  Which of the following is a function of communication in society?

(a)     information  (b)  education  (c)  entertainment  (d)  all the above

3        34. (50)  An efficient teacher will guide the learner to --

            (a)  gather new learning from the various sources    (b)  come out with their true

                  difficulties   (c)  talk to him frequently    (d)  develop self confidence

35. (51)  The effectiveness of communication depends not on --

            (a)  clarity of voice   (b)  subject knowledge    (c)  attention of the receiver   

             (d)  none of the above

36. (52)  A good teacher makes use of teaching aids for ---

               (a)  making teaching interesting              (b)  making learning effective

               (c)  maintaining discipline in the class    (d)  making students attentive

37. (55)  Effectiveness of teaching depends mostly on ---

             (a)  qualification of the teacher    (b)  personality of the teacher

             (c)  hand writing of the teacher    (d)  subject competence of the teacher

     38. (56)  Who said communication is a process that increases commonality?

             (a)  Wright    (b)  Ferder    (c)  Mc Quail    (d)  Brown

    39. (57)  Mass media helps the teacher to ---

            (a)  reduce the work load      (b)  reduce the teaching time

            (c)  enhance the effectiveness of teaching   

            (d)  over come the problems of over crowded class rooms

40. (60)  Which among the following is a learner friendly situation in the class?

            (a)  group discussions by students    (b)  listening to an expert’s lecture

               (c)  students trying to answer the questions given by the teacher   

               (d)  students doing a home assignment

41. (61)  Which of the following is an advantage of research method? 

              (a)  it is a learner centered method    (b)  it is a data gathering technique

              (c)  it is a problem solving approach to learning   

              (d)  it creates interest in the learners

42. (62)  Which of the following is a means of traditional communication?

              (a)  folk songs    (b)  radio    (c)  television    (d)  news paper

43. (64)  Which of the following is an example of mass communication?

              (a)  a teacher taking a class    (b)  an examiner conducting an interview

              (c)  a speaker speaking in a public meeting   

              (d)  an educational programme transmitted through TV

44. (65)  Semantic barrier of communication is related to ---

               (a)  language barrier    (b)  physical barrier   

               (c)  psychological barrier    (d)  none of the above

45.     (70)  Which of the following statement is not correct?

(a)     communication begins at a source and from this source,

the information is transmitted to the receiver     

               (b)  communication is possible even if there is no message   

               (c)  communication is the process of interaction and transaction   

(d)  communication is the transfer of energy from the source                                      

        to the nerve endings of the receiver

    46. (71)  The destination of the message in communication is ---

              (a)   sender      (b)  channel    (c)   receiver    (d)  feed back

    47. (73)  An efficient teacher creates a learning environment which ensures --- 

             (a)  full freedom with minimum restriction   

             (b)  full co-operation from the part of the students   

             (c)  the spirit of competition among the students   

           (d)  learner co-operation, motivation and whenever needed, the spirit of                                                 competition

    48. (74)  The major limitation of mass communication is ---       

           (a)  message production is time consuming   (b)  it is highly expensive

              (c)  it makes use of most modern technologies   

              (d)  the feed back system is not effective 

49.   (75)  Which of the following is essential for communicating a research work?  

               (a)  procedure followed    (b)  mastery over the language   

               (c)  conclusions drawn      (d)  both (b)and (c)

50.  (78) Collection of information in advance before designing                                          

              strategy is known as ---         

          (a)  research study      (b)  opinion poll    (c)  action research    (d)  feed back system

    51. (82)  A good teacher is one who --        

          (a)  tells his students that I don’t know everything   

          (b)  keeps on updating his knowledge        (c)  simplifies the subject matter

                 for the students          (d)  all the above

   52.   (83)  Which of the following is an example of mediated intra personal communication?

               (a)  writing letters to friends    (b)  giving a memo to subordinates   

               (c)  publishing an advertisement  in the news paper

               (d)  circulating reports internally in an organization

53.  (86)  Which of the following is the most important characteristic of a research tool?

              (a)  replicability     (b)  validity   (c)  communicability  (d)  generalizability

54. (87)  Which among the following is a major obstacle in communication process?

                   (a)  fluency    (b)  inner process    (c)  noise         (d)  vocabulary

55.  (88)  Suppose you arrange an ‘Audio Conferencing’ for your distant learners.

                     It is a --- communication    

                 (a)  one sided verbal    (b)  one sided non verbal   

                 (c)  two sided verbal    (d)  two sided non verbal

56. (89)  In an effective communication, which of the following qualities of the sender is less important?

                     (a)  good command over language    (b)  proficiency in the subject matter

                    (c)  awareness about the receiver      (d)  attractive personality

     57. (92)  The competency of a teacher can be judged on the basis of ---   

                  (a)  number of publications     (b)  teaching experience    (c)  personality   

                  (d)  meeting the learning needs of students

58.  (94)  Which is the essential and initial step for an effective communication?        

                  (a)  fixing the evaluation procedure    (b)  selection of the channel

                  (c)  determining the objectives            (d)  identifying the medium

59.      (95)  Suppose you are appointed as a teacher in a college. What type of                           leadership will you follow, if you want to get maximum learner                                     participation?     

              (a)  autocratic        (b)  democratic     (c)  laissez-faire    (d)  authoritarian

   60. (96)  An effective communication produces --- in the receiver.

              (a)  thinking    (b)  happiness    (c)  acceptance    (d)  pleasure

   61. (97)  Which of the following methods of communication is the most effective?

             (a)  delivering a lecture effectively   

             (b)  presenting written materials along with oral 

             (c)  multi media approach  (d)  using black board

   62. Which one of the following can be termed as direct verbal communication?

             (a)  Prof. Sharma delivered a lecture in the class   

             (b)  Signal at the cross-road changed from green to orange

             (c)  A child is crying to attract the attention of the mother 

             (d)  A student wrote a letter for leave application

  63. (98)  The most important aim of evaluative listening is ---

        (a)  to judge the authenticity and to accept or reject the idea given to the listener

        (b)  to evaluate the speaker’s ability of presentation   

        (c)  to test the effectiveness of the method of communication

        (d)  all of the above

  64. (99)  Listening to a lecture by the students is an example of --- listening. 

          (a)  emphatic   (b)  informational    (c)  evaluative     (d)  realistic 

   65.  (100)  A student lists out the main points of a lecture presented by the teacher.

                      He is --       

           (a)  an informational listener    (b)  an evaluative listener   

           (c)  a realistic listener   (d)  an emphatic listener

Answer Key

 1c       2b        3d        4d         5d         6b        7c         8d          9c       10c

11d     12c      13d      14a       15c       16d       17a       18b       19d       20c

21b      22c      23a       24c       25d       26a       27b       28b       29d       30d

31d       32c      33d       34a       35d       36b       37d       38c       39c       40a

41c       42a       43d       44a       45b        46c       47d       48d       49d       50b

51b       52d       53b       54c       55c       56d       57d        58c       59b       60c

61c       62a       63a       64b       65d

Prepared by

Dr Sam V. Daniel

Former Principal, Mount Tabor Training College

Pathanapuram. Mob: 9495300773