UGC NET
Paper I Communication
Communication is exchange of any sort of information by two or more persons. It has become so inevitable that a person may find it very difficult to live in this world. Human beings are super beings, who have very effective skills of communication. He uses language (verbal symbols) and gestures, signs and expressions (non-verbal symbols) for communication. Birds and animals also have the ability to communicate. Usually, they communicate through non-verbal symbols to express their feelings, pains, pleasures anger etc.
Origin of
the Term
The term is
originated from 3 Latin words
v Communicare -
means to impart, to share, to exchange. This indicates that communication is the process of imparting, sharing or exchanging ideas or information
v Commune - means
common, commonness, commonality. This means that for communication, there should be something in common between the persons who are in communication. For communication, there should be some commonalities and through communication, commonalities will increase.
v Communis - means
normal, normality. This means that for communication a normal situation or normality is needed. There should be no abnormalities. If any element is abnormal, proper communication will not take place.
What is
Communication?
Communication simply means “exchange of ideas”. It is
the sending of meaningful ideas from one object to the other. Communication is
exchange of meaningful ideas from one object to the other through verbal or non
verbal symbols. In this process, the person or the object who is sending the ideas is called ‘Sender’ or ‘Source’, the person or object who is receiving the ideas is called
‘Receiver’, the ideas we call ‘Message’ and the response of the receiver is
known as ‘Feed-back’. Communication is possible between human beings, animals
or even between machines. Communication is as strong as our basic needs. It is
an individual and a social need. Communication is the means by which we
understand people better and hence develop a better relationship with
them.
The history of Communication can be traced back to the
‘beginning of nature’. The need for communication can be traced from the evolution of mankind. Communication is a necessity for human survival.
Definition
of Communication
“Communication is a process which increases
commonality- but also requires the element of commonality for it to occur at
all” - Denis Mc Quail.
“Communication means moving towards others rather than
away from. It means speaking and behaving in such a way that a person’s life is
focused towards relationship and intimacy” – Ferder.
“Communication involves systematic and continuous
process of telling, listening and understanding” -Allen Louis.
“Communication is the process of making a message
understood by satisfying the need sets and ego sets of a receiver” - A. Kumar.
Some simple definitions
Communication is :
A process of interaction and transaction
An information sharing activity
An interaction which encourages give and take
An active flow of verbal and non-verbal expressions
A two way process including interaction and feed back
An act of making connections - one to one or one to
many
A process by which one mind affects another
An interaction which takes place through
symbols-verbal, visual or both
An
interaction between the ideas, thoughts and actions of the communicator and the
receiver
A sending from one person to another of meaningful
messages
A process of sharing of experiences till they become
common possession
Nature of Communication
Activities involved in the Process of Communication
v Planning
(Preparation for) the Message
v Encoding (Preparing) the
Message (converting the original message into symbols)
v Channelizing
the Message (choosing an appropriate channel for sending the message)
v Sending the
Message
v Receiving the
Message
v Decoding (Interpreting) the
Message (converting the coded message into original message as intended by the sender)
v Providing the
Feed back (response from the part of the receiver as a reply to the message)
The first four of the above are Duties of the Sender and the remaining three are the Duties of the Receiver
Elements of Communication
q Source -
Origin of Communication (communicator, sender, encoder, producer, messenger)
q Message- Ideas to be transmitted (content, topic, subject, lesson)
q Receiver-
Destiny of the message (decoder, interpreter, consumer)
q Channel
- Method or medium (electro-magnetic
waves, by post, phone, e-mail)
q Context -
Situation or environment of the message (place, time, season, event)
q Barriers - Hindrances in the way (obstacles, obstructions,
errors, disabilities,
problems) of communication.
q Feed Back -
Response or reply from the receiver
Seven Variables of
Communication
Ø Credibility
-
Trustworthiness or Believability
Ø Capability - Ability & skill of communicator & receiver
Ø Context -
Appropriate situation to the message
Ø Content -
Reliability and accuracy of the message
Ø Channel -
Appropriate method of transmission
Ø Clarity - It
should overcome barriers (clear)
Ø Continuity
- Natural and spontaneous transmission
(without any break)
Seven Cs of Effective
Communication
q Correctness
q Clarity
q Conciseness
q Completeness
q Consideration
q Concreteness
q Courtesy
Factors of Effective
Class room Communication
1.
Development of learner friendly environment
2.
Appropriate motivation
3.
Use of appropriate teaching strategies
4.
Use of proper technology
5.
Two way communication
6.
Principle of clarity
7.
Effective use of feed-back
Variables of Effective
Teaching in Class room
1. Teacher
related variables – Qualifications, Teaching experiences,
Motivation and dedication, Communication skill, Use of appropriate teaching strategies, Research and Professional development.
2. Student
related variables – Motivation, Entry behaviour, Interest
and attitude, Personality.
3. Institution
related variables – Quality and quantity of teaching staff,
Working conditions of teachers, Infrastructural facilities, Institutional
discipline and support.
4. Family
related variables – Socio-cultural background of the family, Education of parents, Inter personal Relationship among family members.
5. Environment
related variables – Social values of the community, Social
encouragement, Cooperative learning.
Channels of Communication
A
Channel can be defined as the medium used in communication. If no medium is used in communication, such communication is called 'Direct Communication'. If we use a particular medium for sending the message, such communication is called 'Mediated Communication'. A channel can be formal or informal based on the nature of
the content and context.
Types of Channels
Formal Channel
These channels are official channels having certain formalities.
q Vertical Channels
Downward
Channel – Supervisory
communication, initiated by upper management, flows downward eg. An officer
giving advice to subordinates, a manager giving orders and directions to the employees, a parent giving advice
to the children.
Upward channel
– Flows upward
from the bottom eg. An employee submits work progress reports to the superior
officer, a student asking doubts to the teacher.
q Horizontal
Channel – Takes place
between and among the people who belong to the same category eg. Inter
departmental talks, Board Meeting of the Directors of a Company, Staff Meeting
of a College.
q Cross or Diagonal Channel - Takes place between people of different categories of different institutions. eg. Communication between a manager of a company and a worker of other factory
Informal Channel
These channels are highly informal having no formalities
q Grape vine
Channel – Informal
Communication Network, communication among different categories of people, no
specific direction to the flow of message eg. Spreading of Gossips and Rumours, Internet
chatting.
Listening
An
important skill needed for effective communication.
Components of Listening
§
Literal Knowledge: Teacher asks
a question about descriptions, facts and details including information that is
explicitly stated in the class.
§
Vocabulary: Teacher asks questions about
word meanings, identifying the meaning of words in the context of a story
narrated in the class.
§
Inference: Teacher asks a question to
make an inference as the students are listening in the class, connecting pieces
of text together with student prior knowledge and experience, that goes beyond
the literal meaning of the content.
§
Main Idea: Teacher asks a question to
generalize the content as a whole and identify the main ideas of the
information presented in the class.
§
Summarizing and Drawing Conclusions: Teacher
asks students to identify a summary of the content presented in the class and
its overall ideas, or draw conclusions by making a judgement about the information
provided.
§
Point of View and Speaker’s Purpose: Teacher allows
the students to listen to identify and evaluate the information presented in
the class and why they are sharing this information. Students also identify the
point of view of the content or the viewpoint of the author in the story or
poem.
§
Analyze Reasoning: Students are
allowed to evaluate the reasoning, credibility, and relevance of a content
presented in the class or to evaluate the author’s ideas and information.
§
Finding Evidence: Students are
allowed to identify quotes or statements in the content that provide evidence
to support their thinking and inferences.
Types of Listening
v Informational
Listening- Aims at
gathering information without any prejudice or priority eg. Listening to a lecture by students, a speech by an
audience, a radio lesson by an ordinary man.
v Emphatic
Listening- To
concentrate on the preferred area, Aims at gathering the main points eg. A
press reporter listens to a leader’s speech, Tr. says: “please listen to this
point it is an important one” (verbal markers). Teacher asks a student to note
down the main points of his lecture, A research scholar attending a seminar.
v Evaluative
Listening- To evaluate
the authenticity of the idea eg. A participant in a debate listens to the
presentation by one in the opposite panel, Participants in live discussions in
news (TV), A judge listens to the presentation in a competition
v Realistic Listening- To ensure the practical utility or value, Listening by
thinking the practical application eg. A Student to the teacher: “Sir, is it
possible?” A clerk to the officer: “Sir, these are my suggestions to the
problem you have highlighted.”
How to develop Listening
Skills?
v Sit
up straight
v Look
interested
v Lean
forward
v Attend
actively
v Act
interested
v Nod
your head as a feed back
v Get
tuned in the message
v Track
the speaker with your eyes
v Very
pleasing expressions
Barriers of Effective
Communication
Barriers of Communication are those factors which
produce obstacles in the way of sending message to the receiver. These barriers
derive from the language and style used by the speaker and make it difficult
for the listeners to be listened to.
Different Types of Barriers
Ø Physical
Barriers- Environment
related, External to the individual. These barriers arise due to mechanical
failures or disturbances, geographical distances, technological mal-functions,
improper time of communication ...
For Example: Noise, electricity problem, technical
problems, message overload, unfavorable
climate…
Ø Physiological
Barriers- Body related
barriers, Heredity limitations are the major causes of these barriers.
For Example: Physical disabilities (speech, hearing or
vision problems), diseases, fatigue, height and weight of body …
Ø Psychological
Barriers- Mind related
barriers, Internal to the individual.
For Example: Lack of interest, unfavorable attitude,
tension, fear, depression, emotional imbalance, lack of confidence,
psychological problems …
Ø
Semantic
Barriers- Language related
barriers. ‘Semantic’ means ‘Science of Meanings’. A word may have several
meanings. Ignorance about these meanings can cause problems. Hence, they act as
barriers in communication.
For Example: Lack of knowledge in language, lack of
fluency, defective language translations, misinterpretations of words…
Types of Communication
Communication can be classified in a variety of
different types.
On the basis of number of participants
Intra personal Communication
Inter personal
Communication
Group Communication –
Mass Communication –
Organizational/Institutional/Public/Societal Communication
On the basis of direction of Flow
Upward Communication – Message passes from the bottom
to the top
Downward Communication – Message passes from the top
to the bottom
Horizontal Communication – Message passes
horizontally, ie. among equals.
Cross/Diagonal Communication - Different categories of
people who have no direct relationship on the same or different organizational
hierarchy)
Grape vine Communication –
Highly informal communication, having no specific direction.
On the basis of way of expression
Written Communication - Message is sent through
printed or hand written texts.
Oral Communication – This can be ‘Audio’, where speaker
is not present before the listener,
and ‘Verbal’, where the speaker is present before the listener.
Visual Communication - Use of more visuals and less
texts.
Audio visual Communication
- Combination of pictures with voices.
Non-verbal Communication
- Use of face, gestures, eyes, hands etc. for sending messages.
No communication - Total
elimination of response from the receiver.
On the basis of organization structure
Formal Communication – Having some formalities, eg.
Class discussion
Informal Communication – Having no formalities, eg.
Chatting with friends (Grapevine)
Face-to-face Communication – Teacher Student Class
room interaction
Meta Communication – Here the message has something
more than what the actual words state.
Eg. The Principal to the staff: “you look so smart in
this dress” may mean that you are not always smart.
Corporate Communication - Communication within an
institution in which all members
are of equal status, eg. Communication in a Staff Council of a College,
Association of cashew workers in a factory.
On the basis of Environment of the Firm
Internal Communication – Communication within the
firm.
External
Communication - Communication with external
or outside factors.
On the basis of modes of Mediation
Direct Communication – When using no specific medium
for exchanging message, eg. A Public Speech, Teacher delivering a lecture to
the students.
Mediated Communication – Using a specific medium for
sending the message, eg. Sending a letter to the friend, Chatting through
internet, Teleconferencing etc.
On the basis of mode of Transmission
Serial Communication
– When using a single channel for communication.
Parallel Communication – When using multi-channel.
On the
basis of Size of Group
Small Group Communication – Family, Peer group, Small
group discussion etc.
Large Group Communication – Large Class, Public
speech, Seminar etc.
Intra Group Communication - Communication among the
members of a group
Inter Group Communication
- Communication between/among
different groups
Institutional/organizational Communication
- Communication which is used
in Business Enterprises
On the basis of Communication Network
•
Circle
Type – the most
democratic form.
•
Chain Type – Single line Communication, authoritarian as well as democratic.
•
Star Type – the most authoritarian / centralized form of Communication.
•
Y
– Type – both chain type
and star type authoritarian as well as democratic form, Y shaped network
On the basis of Culture of the Society
Intra Cultural Communication - means exchange of meaningful messages between members of the same cultural group.
Inter Cultural Communication - means exchange of meaningful cultural information between people with significantly different cultures.
Intra Personal
Communication
Communication
within the individual, Begins and ends with ‘SELF’, The sender and the receiver
are the same individual.
Uses of Intra Personal Communication
(Processes
involved in this communication)
q Self Analysis – analysis of the pros and cons, merits and demerits, abilities and disabilities…
q Self Assurance
– make the self
sure (whether I can or not)
q Self
Motivation – strong
internal urge (to undertake, to do, to behave, to perform...)
q Self
Confidence (Building and Maintenance)
– strong positive belief in self
q Self
Evaluation – self
valuing, self estimation
q Self Discovery
– self
realization, self actualization
Different Types of Self Talks
o
Salient Talk
o
Verbalization
o
Mirror Talk
o
Partner Talk
o
Self Conversation
o
Written Self Talk
o
Self Tape
o
Self Question
o
Suggestion
Intra Personal Communication is individual reflection,
contemplation and meditation. It is also called ‘Transpersonal Communication.’
Intra
Personal Communication helps to :
q enjoy the
beauty of life privately
q justify or
defend our speech and actions
q interpret
other’s behaviors towards us or others
q plan our daily
or specific target-oriented activities
q analyze our
behaviors, actions, ideas and relationships
q express
jealousy and other negative emotions towards others
Types of Intra Personal Communication
Direct Intra Personal
Communication – communication within the individual
without using any medium
Examples - Meta Cognition, Reflection (I try to see myself), Meditation, Contemplation, Self Awareness,
Self Analysis, Self Evaluation
Mediated Intra Personal
Communication – communication with the self with the
help of a medium
Examples - Writing a personal diary for self evaluation, Writing an autobiography for
personal use, Circulating reports
of an organization internally,
Observing a recorded class by the Tr. for self- improvement.
Inter Personal Communication
Communication
between people, usually between two, is known as Inter Personal Communication.
It is also known as one-to-one communication.
Inter
Personal Communication is:
v a process of
focused interaction
v a relation
building, maintaining and reviving tool
v a means for
the establishment of an equilibrium between the self and others
v a setting for
social interaction and for getting satisfaction, happiness and peace.
v a means for attaining
harmony with others
v a tool for
getting acceptance and recognition from others
Different Types of Inter Personal Communication
Direct
or Mediated - Examples:
- An
examiner conducts a viva-voce with the student (Direct)
- Teacher
asks a question to a student in a class (Direct)
- A student
writes a letter to his friend (Mediated)
- A teacher sends
a message to his student on his birthday (Mediated)
Casual or Formal - Examples:
- A student
conducts free talks with his teacher (Casual)
- A free
conversation between two friends (Casual)
- A research
student conducts an interview with an expert (Formal)
- A company
arranges an interview to the candidate with an examiner (Formal)
Spondaneous or Planned
- Examples:
Spondaneous - Naturally
coming words like – Hello, Hai Daddy, There comes the bus etc.
Planned - A sales
representative talks to the house wife about his company’s products.
These examples are overlapping to different types.
Find more examples
Factors
affecting Interpersonal Communication
q Attitudes
q Beliefs
q Values
q Perceptions
Our
attitudes, beliefs, values and perceptions towards others and vice versa affect
the starting, development and continuation of Inter Personal Communication.
There
are similarities and differences of these factors between different
individuals. If concentrate on similarities, there will be increased
interaction. On the contrary, if we concentrate on differences, there will be
increased conflict.
Group Communication
Communication within a group of people or among
different groups to each other is known as Group Communication.
Groups can
be formed in a variety of ways depending on :
1. Size
: Large Group (eg. Class
room) or
Small Group (eg. Family)
2. Relationship
: Primary Group (eg. Peer Group)
or Secondary Group ( eg. Club)
3. Approaches
: Formal Group (eg. Office Staff)
or Informal Group ( eg. Relatives)
4. Origin
: Ascribed Group (eg. Family,
Religion) or Achieved Group ( eg. Professional Organization)
Factors affecting the Effectiveness of
Group Communication
q Place where the group meets
q Topic under consideration
q Number of group members
q Relationship
among the members
q Intimacy of the members
q Capabilities /
Qualities of the members
Interactions in Group Communication
One-to-many
- The leader influences the group, Single line authority, Autocratic or Authoritarian form of interaction
Collective - Situational Leadership, All members get
chance to become leaders, Democratic
form of Interaction
Mass Communication
It is an institutionalized form of public message
production and dissemination through technological devices- print, films and
broadcasting- to large heterogeneous and widely dispersed audiences through
Mass Media. Mass communication is mono
logic in nature. It is also called ‘Organizational Communication’. The
operation is not so simple. It demands great expertise and complex operations.
Mass communication is
controlled by a single source reaching out large mass of people beyond
boundaries. Hence, Mass Communication through Mass Media has a great multiplying effect.
Mass Media
The
mechanical devices, that multiply message and take them to a large number of
people, are known as Mass Media.
Types of Media
v Traditional
Media - Folk Songs, Folk
Dances, Folk Paintings, Folk Literature, Folk Theatre etc.
v Print Media - News Papers, Books, Journals, Magazines, News Letters
etc.
v Electronic
Media - Radio, Films,
Television, Mobile Phones, Audio/Video Recorders...
New Media - Computer & Internet, e-mail, websites, podcasts, e-books, blogging, social networking sites, Internet Protocol Television, internet radio and the like. These kinds of online and digital means of producing, transmitting and receiving messages are called 'new media'.
Media
is known as ‘Fourth Estate’.
Three
estates are – Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.
The
Fifth estate is ‘Bloggers or Weblogs’.
Mass Media and Society
Mass media have a multiplying effect in society. it is the 'sword arm' of democracy. It educates the members of the society through various media tools. It transforms the traditional non-participant societies into modern participant societies. It changes the thought processes of the society and makes them modern scientific human beings. The press, the radio and television play a big role in the life of the society. They inform, educate and entertain the people. They also influence the way people look at the world and make them change their views. Mass media plays a very important role in organizing public opinion.
Conclusion
Communication is a process which is
ongoing and always in motion. That, communication is a process, means it is
always in motion, moving forward and changing continuously. One cannot freeze
communication at any one moment. It is continuous and dynamic. It educates the
members of the society through various media tools. It provides the latest
information regarding the happenings in the universe. It transforms the
traditional non-participant societies into modern participant societies. It
changes the thought processes of the society and makes them modern scientific
human beings. Barket rightly says : “Communication is a process of interrelated
elements working together to achieve a desired outcome or goal”.
Prepared by
Dr Sam V Daniel
Former Principal, Mount Tabor Training College, Pathanapuram.
COMMUNICATION
& TEACHING APTITUDE EXERCISES
Points to
remember …
All questions are of multiple choice type.
In all questions four alternatives are
given.
Think of the most relevant alternative as
answer.
Try to find out the logic and the basic
reason in each question.
Work out as many questions as possible.
Take this effort as a challenge and a
matter of pleasure.
1.
(1) The term communication
is originated from ---
(a) communiqué (b) communil
(c) commune (d) commutec
2. (2) Who said communication is moving towards
others rather than away from?
(a) Haggerty
(b) Ferder (c)
Barker (d) Marx
3. (3) Which of the following statement is not
correct?
(a) Communication is as strong as our basic need
(b) The need for communication can be traced from
the evolution of mankind
(c) Communication is a necessity for human
survival
(d) Animals do not have the ability of communication
4. (4) Blackboard can be an effective means of
communication for a teacher, provided
---
(a) the content is to be well planned (b)
the space needs to be properly used
(c) the letters are of adequate size and
legible (d) all the above
5. (5)
communication is a process which is ---
(a) constantly moving (b)
always progressing (c) ever widening
(d) all the above
6. (7) Which among the following
is an example of verbal communication?
(a) acting a drama (b) a
radio lesson (c) a public speech (d) a class by a teacher
7. (8) Which of the following is an example of
non-verbal communication?
(I) a dumb asking for help (II)
a skit (III)
a mime (IV) reciting a poem
(a)
I only is correct (b)
I, II and III are correct
(c)
I and III are correct (d)
all are correct
8. (1 1) The major distinction between good
communication and effective communication is something related to
---
(a) message
(b) receiver (c)
channel (d) feedback
9. (13) Which among the following teaching aids is
less expensive?
(a) Computer
(b) LED television
(c) OHP (d) Film projector
10. (15) If language is a barrier between two individuals,
how can they communicate message?
(a) learning the other’s language (b)
speaking loudly
(c) using non-verbal
symbols (d) keeping silence
11. (16) Communication is effected through ---
(a) ears
(b) eyes (c)
tongue (d) all the above
12. (18) Teaching is an example of --- communication
(a) verbal
(b) non-verbal (c)
group (d) mass
13. (20) The
function of messenger is ---
(a) to develop message (b)
to encode message
(c) to transmit message (d)
all the above
14.
(21) The medium
through which message passes is called ---
(a) channel
(b) transmission (c)
encoding (d) decoding
15.
(22) A message is changed into symbols through ---
(a) system
(b) channel (c)
encoding (d) decoding
16. (23) A good receiver should have the ability to
---
(a) give feed back (b)
decode message
(c) interpret message (d)
all the above
17. (25) Which among the following is not a basic
element of communication?
(a) black board
(b) feed back (c)
barrier (d) context
- (27) The communication procedure is completed
only after ---
(a) decoding
(b) feed back (c)
encoding (d) interpreting
- (28) Feed back can be done in --- form
(a) positive
(b) negative (c)
neutral (d) all the above
- (30) Which of the following is not a component of listening?
(a) hearing
(b) watching (c) writing (d)
attending
- (34) In --- communication, it begins and ends
with ‘self’
(a)
inter
personal (b) intra personal (c)
group (d) mass
22. (36) Degree of
intimacy in a group depends not on --
(a) place where it meets (b)
topic under consideration
(c) religion of the members (d) relationship of the members
23. (37) The success of group communication is based
on the maintenance of --
(a) group dynamics (b)
self discipline
(c) internal peace within the individual
(d) all the above
24.
(38) A company arranges door to door sales persons
for the advertisement of its products. Which type of communication is this
(a) mass
(b) group (c)
inter personal (d) intra personal
25. (39) The barriers of communication can be
minimized not by --
(a) making the message simple and comprehensible (b)
making the receiver
Motivated
(c) helping the
receiver possess all the desirable competencies of
effective listening (d) making the
message overloaded
- (40) In a college class, which communication
skill has the largest share
from
the part of the students?
(a) listening
(b) speaking (c)
reading (d) writing
- (41) Which of the following is an example of
mediated inter personal communication?
(a) writing
a personal diary for self analysis
(b) writing a letter to a friend
(c) an examiner conducts a viva-voce with the
candidate
(d) a teacher taking a class
- (42) In which type of communication, the
sender and the receiver are the same person?
(a)
inter personal (b) intra personal (c)
group (d) mass
- (43) Which of the following is not an example
of
intra personal communication?
(a)
meta cognition (b) contemplation
(c) meditation (d)
project evaluation
- (45) Which of the following is not a characteristic of mass communication?
(a)
it is basically mono logic
(b) the content is open to all
(c)
it is directed to large audience (d) it needs only simple operations
- (46) What element differentiates one-way
communication from a two-way type?
(a)
sender (b) message
(c) receiver (d)
feed back
- (47) Which among the following is the most
centralized form of communication network?
(a)
circle type (b) chain type
(c) star type (d)
Y-type
- (48) Which of the following is a function of
communication in society?
(a)
information (b)
education (c) entertainment
(d) all the above
3 34. (50) An efficient teacher will guide the learner
to --
(a) gather new learning from the various sources (b)
come out with their true
difficulties (c) talk to him frequently (d)
develop self confidence
- (51) The effectiveness of communication
depends not on --
(a) clarity of voice (b)
subject knowledge (c) attention of the receiver
(d)
none of the above
36. (52) A good
teacher makes use of teaching aids for ---
(a)
making teaching interesting
(b) making learning effective
(c)
maintaining discipline in the class
(d) making students attentive
37. (55)
Effectiveness of teaching depends mostly on ---
(a)
qualification of the teacher
(b) personality of the teacher
(c)
hand writing of the teacher
(d) subject competence of the
teacher
38. (56) Who said communication is a process that
increases commonality?
(a)
Wright (b) Ferder
(c) Mc Quail (d)
Brown
39. (57) Mass media helps the teacher to ---
(a)
reduce the work load (b) reduce the teaching time
(c)
enhance the effectiveness of teaching
(d) over come the problems of over crowded class
rooms
40. (60) Which among the following is a learner
friendly situation in the class?
(a)
group discussions by students
(b) listening to an expert’s
lecture
(c)
students trying to answer the questions given by the teacher
(d)
students doing a home assignment
41. (61) Which of the following is an advantage of
research method?
(a) it
is a learner centered method (b) it is a data gathering technique
(c) it
is a problem solving approach to learning
(d) it
creates interest in the learners
42. (62) Which of the following is a means of
traditional communication?
(a)
folk songs (b) radio
(c) television (d)
news paper
43. (64) Which of the following is an example of mass
communication?
(a) a
teacher taking a class (b) an examiner conducting an interview
(c) a
speaker speaking in a public meeting
(d) an educational programme transmitted through
TV
44. (65) Semantic barrier of communication is related
to ---
(a)
language barrier (b) physical barrier
(c)
psychological barrier (d) none of the above
45.
(70)
Which of the following statement is not correct?
(a)
communication
begins at a source and from this source,
the information is
transmitted to the receiver
(b)
communication is possible even if there is no message
(c)
communication is the process of interaction and transaction
(d)
communication is the transfer of energy from the source
to
the nerve endings of the receiver
46. (71) The destination of the message in
communication is ---
(a)
sender (b) channel
(c) receiver (d)
feed back
47. (73) An efficient teacher creates a learning
environment which ensures ---
(a)
full freedom with minimum restriction
(b)
full co-operation from the part of the students
(c) the
spirit of competition among the students
(d)
learner co-operation, motivation and whenever needed, the spirit of competition
48. (74) The major limitation of mass communication is
---
(a)
message production is time consuming
(b) it is highly expensive
(c) it
makes use of most modern technologies
(d)
the feed back system is not effective
- (75) Which of the following is essential for
communicating a research work?
(a)
procedure followed (b) mastery over the language
(c)
conclusions drawn (d) both (b)and (c)
50. (78) Collection of information in advance before designing
strategy is known
as ---
(a) research study (b)
opinion poll (c) action research (d)
feed back system
51. (82) A good teacher is one who --
(a) tells his students that I don’t know everything
(b)
keeps on updating his knowledge
(c) simplifies
the subject matter
for the
students (d) all the above
52. (83)
Which of the following is an example of mediated intra personal communication?
(a)
writing letters to friends
(b) giving a memo to subordinates
(c)
publishing an advertisement in
the news paper
(d)
circulating reports internally in an organization
- (86) Which of the following is the most important
characteristic of a research tool?
(a)
replicability (b) validity
(c) communicability (d)
generalizability
- (87) Which among the following is a major
obstacle in communication process?
(a)
fluency (b) inner process (c)
noise (d) vocabulary
- (88) Suppose you arrange an ‘Audio
Conferencing’ for your distant learners.
It is a --- communication
(a)
one sided verbal (b) one sided non verbal
(c)
two sided verbal (d) two sided non verbal
56. (89) In
an effective communication, which of the following qualities of the sender is less important?
(a)
good command over language
(b) proficiency in the subject
matter
(c)
awareness about the receiver
(d) attractive personality
57. (92) The competency of a teacher can be judged on
the basis of ---
(a) number of publications (b)
teaching experience (c) personality
(d) meeting the learning needs of
students
- (94) Which is the essential and initial step
for an effective communication?
(a)
fixing the evaluation procedure
(b) selection of the channel
(c)
determining the objectives
(d) identifying the medium
59.
(95)
Suppose you are appointed as a teacher in a college. What type of leadership
will you follow, if you want to get maximum learner participation?
(a)
autocratic (b) democratic
(c) laissez-faire (d)
authoritarian
60. (96) An effective communication produces --- in
the receiver.
(a)
thinking (b) happiness
(c) acceptance (d)
pleasure
61. (97) Which of the following methods of communication is the most effective?
(a)
delivering a lecture effectively
(b)
presenting written materials along with oral
(c) multi media approach (d)
using black board
62. Which one of
the following can be termed as direct verbal communication?
(a)
Prof. Sharma delivered a lecture in the class
(b)
Signal at the cross-road changed from green to orange
(c) A
child is crying to attract the attention of
the mother
(d) A
student wrote a letter for leave application
63. (98) The most important aim of evaluative listening
is ---
(a) to judge the authenticity and to accept or
reject the idea given to the listener
(b) to evaluate the speaker’s ability of presentation
(c) to test the effectiveness of the method of
communication
(d) all
of the above
64. (99)
Listening to a lecture by the students is an example of --- listening.
(a) emphatic
(b) informational (c)
evaluative (d) realistic
65. (100) A student lists out the main points of a
lecture presented by the teacher.
He is --
(a) an informational listener (b)
an evaluative listener
(c) a realistic listener (d)
an emphatic listener
Answer Key
1c 2b
3d 4d 5d 6b 7c 8d 9c
10c
11d
12c 13d 14a
15c 16d 17a
18b 19d 20c
21b
22c 23a 24c
25d 26a 27b
28b 29d 30d
31d
32c 33d 34a
35d 36b 37d
38c 39c 40a
41c
42a 43d 44a
45b 46c 47d
48d 49d 50b
51b
52d 53b 54c
55c 56d 57d 58c 59b
60c
61c
62a 63a 64b 65d
Prepared by
Dr Sam V. Daniel
Former Principal, Mount Tabor Training College
Pathanapuram. Mob: 9495300773
